Urban agriculture rocks

Hej,

Lately I have been counting how articles in my newspaper were about urban agriculture. During the past few weeks, more and more attention has been given to this so called new phenomenon. It is cool that people are more aware of a sustainable way of developing! Our own Roosevelt Academy Science Professor Inez Flameling wrote about urban agriculture only last week in Trouw (Dutch Newspaper). Also RA staff and students are into urban agriculture. Keep on the good spirit!
Lots of green love,
The Urban Agriculture Team

Rotterdam goes wild!

Hi guys,

As you might know Rotterdam is really into urban agriculture. It is therefore not suprizing that the first 'kitchen garden' (or moestuin in Dutch) on a roof in the Netherlands will be developed there. For more information on this project follow these two links:

http://www.architectenweb.nl/aweb/redactie/redactie_detail.asp?iNID=28736&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

http://www.rotterdamistop.nl/schieblock/highlight/daktuin

The project is really cool and will be part of a creative neighborhood in Rotterdam. The food production of this roof garden will be used in a restaurant located in this neighborhood :)
I hope you like it!
Besides, Rotterdam has the aspirations to become Europe's Green Capital City in 2014. This might be a reason why urban agriculture is supported and realized that much in Rotterdam?!

Regards,
The Urban Agriculture Group

Look how cool!

Look how awesome Biodroom has become! 

After the publicity on the local city magazine and the newspaper, Biodroom had a very successful opening and it is becoming more popular everyday! The idea and work invested in this project is so incredible, it makes us very happy to see that its slowly developing and we hope for a successful future! 

Anyone notice how the bags are placed in circles like the Biodroom logo? cool hey!

Check out the website!! http://www.dna.be/biodroom

Regards, 

The Urban Agriculture Group

Interviews

Hey guys!

One more thing we wanted to share with you are the summaries we made of two very interesting interviews we conducted with Jan van der Schans and Barbara van Dyck. They both gave us very interesting insights on the topic:

Interview Jan van der Schans – directeur Havensteder (housing corporation) – Wednesday 4 of April 2012, 11.15 by telephone

Healthy city, together with ‘GGD (youth health organization)’, Aldra College (both primary as secondary education), Aafje zorg organisatie (health organization), DURA (building company) aims Havensteder (housing corporation) to create a healthy city.

Volunteers help out in Lombardijen at the Dantetuin. Children of surrounding primary schools are involved in this project, these children are mostly members of ethnic minorities. They live in deprived neighborhoods and do not get healthy food every day. By involving mothers and children in this agriculture project they can grow their own vegetables. When the vegetables are ready for harvest, they are cooked and eaten together with everyone who has been involved in the project. In this way, people in deprived neighborhoods can get a cheap and healthy meal by means of their own vegetables. This project started two years ago and has to become a business. Havensteder is funding the project right now, but they will stop this in time as it is not their main goal to supply food for the neighborhood. There are already people interested in this. The place where the Dantetuin as well as the Meandertuin, both in Lombardijen, are located, has resulted out of the demolition of old houses. It was Havensteder´s intention to build new houses there, but due to the economic crisis, the building of new houses was not an option. This ´waste land´ could therefore be used as an urban agriculture site. This however, will change when the economic times are changing. According to van der Schans, this urban agriculture is also more favorable now due to the economic circumstances. People tend to be more careful with spending and growing your own vegetables contributes to this.

Within the city there are many closed housing blocks that have some open space within it. Sometimes there were companies located at these sites, but they were mainly demolished. Next to that at other places, these sites were just empty. Havensteder together with the people living it the houses created a kitchen garden. These people also work and eat together from the field, this is what is called by van der Schans ´positively living together´. Now the sites within the closed blocks look nice, according to van der Schans people are stimulated to keep it that way due to the fact that otherwise it will turn into dirty waste land and that does not contribute to a positive living sphere.

A third project which is a City farmer company, called Uit je Eigen Stad, near the fruit port (Marconiplein) and consists of three experienced farmers. Havensteder contributes financially to this project and the farmers in turn pay rent to Havensteder. This enormous urban agriculture project that opens in May 2012 will be a way to upgrade the neighborhood. Children from schools nearby will be invited to see and maybe even take part in the agriculture process. After urban agriculture has upgraded the neighborhood, Havensteder will start building houses in this part of the city. Havensteder aims to upgrade this part of the city first by implementing urban agriculture, after this has happened it will continue by constructing houses here. The urban agriculture project is not sure of its further existence then, it might only be used to create a positive image.

The government supports these green projects of Havensteder very much. The local alderman Alexandra van Heuvelen wants Rotterdam to become European Green Capital City in 2014. She therefore helps Havensteder and other corporation out when there are problems with civilians or companies that do not want urban agriculture to be implemented.

Urban agriculture also contributes positively to the housing corporation itself. It is not idealism that drives Havensteder to do this, it is also a way to create a positive atmosphere within neighborhoods. People will not leave when they live happily and the presence of urban green and agriculture contributes to this atmosphere. It is therefore a business tactic that Havensteder uses to keep its residents where they are.

A funny fact is that Jan van der Schans grew up in a village. His mother supported him and his brothers and sisters to grow their own vegetables in their own part of the garden. Van der Schans actually did this and he really liked it. This experience could be a reason for him to put urban agriculture in a positive light and to use it in his nowadays work.

Interview Barbara van Dyck – Tuesday 3 of April 2012, 19.30 by Skype

Urban agriculture is a very bottom-up process by which civil initiatives grow out to projects that are supported by the government. The aspect of sustainability, to use it as a market strategy is an important reason for Belgian government to support urban agriculture. In Antwerp a civil society organization called Velt strongly supports urban gardeners. Then there is this organization called Stadsspotters they are into urban agriculture but are in no way related to the government.

According to van Dyck urban agriculture in Antwerp is not really coordinated as it is only a hot topic since the last five years. She advised us to contact Stadsspotters and ask to their role in urban agriculture and the way that the Antwerp local authorities (do not) support it. I have emailed them so we will see what happens. 

Sincerely, 

The urban agriculture team

and... Rotterdam's Urban Agriculture

Well... since we posted about Antwerp, it was only fair we showed you what we found in Rotterdam!

Just like in Antwerp we found some urban agriculture sites in the neighborhoods of Rotterdam. We had a great time, learned so much and met lots of very interesting people... and most importantly it was a beautiful hot spring day! We visited two very interesting urban agriculture sites. The first one is called Proefpark de Punt. We were welcomed by three very kind people who work there, and they explained to us what the situation of this project was. Basically it is only a temporary project which can be shut down any day. Because of the economic crisis the land owners can't build on it and therefore was temporally lent for better use. The plan was for only 2 years... about 7 years have passed! We talked to some people who were relaxing there and they were really enthusiastic about it! People in the neighborhood love it; children can play, vegetables can be grown and delicious barbecue parties can be organized! 

If you live by Rotterdam and feel like relaxing in a beautiful green area, this is definitively a place to visit! 

Here is the website for more information: http://www.proefparkdepunt.nl/

                                                                                   Entrance of the park

              The actual agriculture boxes                                                           The beautiful green park

The second urban agriculture site we visited is called the Dantetuin, which we discovered it is not so close to the actual street called Dantestraat... However, we managed to find it and we thought it was interesting to see how different it was from the first site. Unfortunaly there was no one we could talk to and it seemed like they haven't really started growing yet. Also it was much smaller and fenced, which is a clear difference from the first site. Nevertheless, we did some research and it is another very well organized urban agriculture project which is very involved with schools (especially the one right in front of it) and it is very focused on the educational aspect of urban agriculture!

Dantetuin (next to a playground) 

Antwerp's Urban Agriculture

Hey Guys!

So as you know, a few weeks ago we went to Antwerp for field research. We ended up in a very spacious brownfield transformed into a urban agriculture site. This project is called Biodroom, it has just started up and it's absolutely awesome! We met with one of the main project managers, Fleur Leroy and she gave us some great insights on the future of this project. Basically the main idea is not only to grow your own vegetables but also to gain knowledge on how to take care of your plants and even more important on bringing the neighborhoods together and meeting new people!

I strongly recommend everyone to have a look at their website ( http://www.dna.be/biodroom ) and if you are ever around the area I definitively advise to drop by and see what they are up to!

Here are some photos taken during our visit to the site. 

 

The hand made dome. Such an interesting structure, which came in very handy to protect us from the rain!

Inside the greenhouse

The Biodroom card, for a certain amount of hours working at the site you can get points which you can then use to grow more plants

The plastic bag where you can grow your plants!

Urban agriculture as a tool for independence

Hi guys,

Urban Agriculture is in the minds of people today more than it has been before. As our research focuses on Rotterdam and Antwerp, there are other places where urban agriculture is implemented. For example, Nairobi or Kumasi. By using urban agriculture the people living in over crowded cities try to become less dependent on the harvest from the country side as well as development aid. If you are interested in this side of Urban Agriculture, I recommend you to read this article:

Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L. (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35, 265-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.04.007

At the same time Urban Agriculture is not charity, it is a real business. The economics of Urban Agriculture are explained in this document:
'The Economics of Urban Agriculture' published in the Urban Agriculture Magazine in August 2002. You can find it on this website: www.ruaf.org

I hope you like it!
Yvette

Literature Review

Hey!
Has been quite a busy time of the semester and so we haven't been so active with our blog.. however, we have been working on our research and we have a lot of interesting information to share with everyone!
First of all here is our literature review:

As cities still heavenly depend on their hinterland, it is important to connect the rural agricultural producers to city initiatives. So the city will partly be its own supplier and become more resilient (Eetbaar Rotterdam, 2011). At the same time the cultivation of vegetables is brought back to the people, as it was only a process that would take place outside cities. According to many policy makers agriculture is most efficiently done in rural areas, however due to the closeness of consumers and resources in a city, agriculture in urban environments is also efficient (Lovell, 2010)! Urban agriculture usually takes place in locations inside the cities or in the per-urban areas. They may take place on-plot, close to the homestead or off-plot, away from ones home and can also be located either on private land, public land or even semi-public land such as schoolyards. In Africa urban agriculture creates work opportunities for the urban poor; moreover it makes city inhabitants less dependent on rural harvests and development aid. As urbanization is quicker than the food supply can react, urban agriculture can save lives and form a more stable production of food in those countries (Zezza, Tasciotti, 2010).

Urban agriculture can be defined as the food production in a city, but in fact it is much more than that (Deelstra et al., 2001). Not only growth, but also the distribution of food, spices and flowers and even keeping livestock, intended for the urban consumer market, are part of urban agriculture (Lovell, 2010). Urban Agriculture is open to many different varieties of agriculture. Different types of crops such as grains, root corps, vegetables, mushroom, and fruits. As well as products known as non-food products such as aromatic and medicinal herbs, ornamental plants, tree products, etc…  

Urban agriculture is an abstract process that tries to connect the urban consumer to its basic needs: food production and the availability of open spaces. The approach concerning urban agriculture is different in every city; this partly results from different policies in regions and countries.

References

Deelstra, T. , Boyd, D. & Van den Biggelaar, M. (2001, July). MULTIFUNCTIONAL LAND USE: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PROMOTING URBAN AGRICULTURE IN EUROPE. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 4, 1-7. Retrieved from http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/ewais/Urban%20Design%20%20Land%20Use%20Researches/Multifunction%20Land%20Use.pdf

Eetbaar Rotterdam (2011, March). Room for Urban Agriculture in Rotterdam: summary.   Retrieved from http://www.pauldegraaf.eu/downloads/RvSL_Summary.pdf

Killoran-McKibbin, S. (2006). Cuba’s Urban Agriculture: Food Security and Urban Sustainability. Women & Environments International Magazine, (70/71), 56-57.

Taylor Lovell, S. (2010). Multifunctional Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Land Use Planning in the United States. Sustainability, 2, 2499-2522. doi:10.3390/su2082499

Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L. (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35, 265-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.04.007

Urban Agriculture in Tokyo

Photo: Staff of NTT Facilities, Junko Kariu (left) and Masahiro Nagata, check the roof-top potato farm in Tokyo, in October. Launched by two subsidiaries of Japan’s telecommunications giant NTT Corp., “Green Potato” project could help prevent overheating of Tokyo as well as harvest sweet potatoes in autumn. By TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA/ AFP/

Research Plan

Within our research in urban green we want to put focus upon urban agriculture, specifically on projects in Rotterdam and Antwerp. Both cities differ from each other in size and approach of urban agricultural projects. In Rotterdam a large scale project called Eetbaar Rotterdam (this project wants to bring the food production near to its city inhabitants and therefore contribute to a sustainable world) is organized. This project is subsidized by the government and has several locations throughout the city. In Antwerp small projects like the Moestuinbox (individuals are able to let vegetables grow in boxes with hydraulic systems) are organized in the urban agriculture field. The comparison between urban agriculture in Antwerp and Rotterdam would exist of the facets:

• Organisation: who and how?
• In what way does urban agriculture contribute to the city and its population?
•  How can the differences in approaches between Antwerp and Rotterdam be explained?

Urban agriculture is defined by Mougeot in 2000 as: “Urban Agriculture is an industry located within, or on the fringe of a town, a city or a metropolis, which grows and raises, processes and distributes a diversity of food and non-food products, (re)using largely human and material resources, products and services found in and around that urban area, and in turn supplying human and materials resources, products and services largely to that urban area.” We will use this definition throughout our research. Due to the fact urban agriculture is for every single person different, this definition which is general as well it covers most aspects of urban agriculture, seemed very useful.

Taking into consideration our interest in urban agriculture and these projects our research question is; in what way does urban agriculture influence city dynamics in neighbourhoods in Antwerp and Rotterdam?

For the purpose of this research we want to be in contact with both city municipalities to investigate their role in urban agriculture. We also want to contact Pieter Max who is responsible for the Moestuinbox project in Antwerp. Next to that we want to get in touch with people involved in the project Eetbaar Rotterdam, people of the management but also those who actually bring the projects into practice. Moreover, we need to interview citizens in neighbourhoods to understand how they see and experience urban agriculture.

In the making process of this research plan, we contacted Maarten Loopmans, among all his titles he was also an urban agriculturist, and he shared with us a lot of information on urban agriculture in Antwerp. We will use his information as a great starting point and possibly as a source.  

Literature review

Rotterdam:

http://www.rotterdam.nl/stadsinitiatief

http://www.eetbaarrotterdam.nl/wat-heeft-eetbaar-rotterdam-gedaan/

Antwerp:

http://www.greenmarx.be/index.php?page=De-Moestuinbox (Pieter Marx is into UA)

http://www.moestuinbox.be/pagina15.html

http://www.volkstuinendeurne.com/

http://debeek.edosia.org/

General links:

City harvest. Demonstrating and promoting the benefits of Urban Agriculture. Sustain, the alliance for better food and farming. 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. Retrieved from < http://www.sustainweb.org/cityharvest/>

Deleware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Food System Planning: Municipal Implementation tool #18. April 2010. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. Retrieved from < http://www.ruaf.org/ruaf_bieb/upload/3304.pdf>

Articles:

1.    van Veenhuizen, R. ( 2006) Introduction to cities farming for the future. In: van Veenhuizen, R. (ed.): Cities Farming for the Future - Urban Agriculture for Green and Productive Cities , pp. 2-17. RUAF, IDRC and IIRR, Leusden, The Netherlands, Ottawa, Canada, Silang, The Philippines.

2. Drescher, A.W., Jacobi, P. & Amend, J. ( 2000) Urban food security. Urban agriculture, a response to crisis? Urban Agriculture Magazine, 1, 8-10.
3. Maxwell, D.G., Levin, C., Armar-Klemesu, M., Ruel, M., Morris, S. & Ahiadeke, C. ( 2000) Urban Livelihoods and Food and Nutrition Security in Greater Accra, Ghana. International Food Policy Research Institute , Washington DC, USA.
4. Mougeot, L.J.A. ( 2000) Urban Agriculture: concept and definition. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 1, 5-7.
5. Schiere, H. & Van der Hoek, R. ( 2001) Livestock Keeping in Urban Areas: A Review of Traditional Technologies Based on Literature and Field Experiences. FAO - La Ventana Agricultural Systems, Rome, Italy - Wageningen, The Netherlands.
6. Undp (1996) Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities. United Nations Development Programme, New York, USA.
7. Van Herzele, A. & Wiedeman, T. A monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attractive urban green spaces. Landscape and Urban Planning, 63, 109-126.

Yvette, Annabelle and Melanija 

Fact of the Day

"There is increasing evidence that access to high quality green spaces can produce measurable improvements to stress levels in a relatively short space of time."

Julia Thrift, Journal of Public Mental Health (2005)

Hi guys,

I have been doing some research for our field research plan and I found some interesting websites. They are mostly specified on urban agriculture because that seems to me the most interesting subject. Here they are:
- http://www.sustainweb.org/cityharvest/  (Urban agriculture in reality. Case studies as well as the benefits of urban agriculture are discussed)
- http://www.urbaniahoeve.nl/ (Dutch urban agriculture project, there is even a video about it because Princess Maxima visited the project.)
- http://www.ruaf.org/ruaf_bieb/upload/3304.pdf (This is a pdf document about urban agriculture)

Good luck!
Yvette

Quote of the day

"The chief function of the city is to convert power into form, energy into culture, dead matter into the living symbols of art, biological reproduction into social creativity."

Lewis Mumford

Summary of the article 'A monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attrative urban green spaces' by Ann van Herzele and Torsten Wiedemann.

Hi guys,

Here is a small summary of the article 'A monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attrative urban green spaces' by Ann van Herzele and Torsten Wiedemann. The article is about the quality, accessibility and attrativeness of urban green in four cities in Flanders, Belgium. I hope that it will be informative to you! 

Yvette  

1. Introduction

Need for urban green: families tend to leave cities due to the lack of green space à urban sprawl. There is little attention for urban green in urban planning.

2. Concepts and definitions

Principles of urban green

-          Citizen-based

-          Functionality: ‘[G]reen spaces (…) aim[ed] to reflect the community’s needs.’ There are hierarchy systems for city neighborhood, a whole city etc.

-          Preconditions for use: (walking) distance, safety.

-          Variety of qualities: appreciation depends on culture, more visits when a green space has diverse facilities.  

-          Multiple use

Accessibility depends on mobility. Due to the fact that young children as well as handicapped or elderly people are less mobile, ‘small green spaces on the doorstep’ should be available.

Attractiveness depends on the relationships between elements in a landscape, park etc. As a result local surroundings should be taken into account:

-          Space: boundless green space.

-          Nature: connection to other organisms, variety in animals and plants.

-          Culture and history: social and cultural activities, landscape reflects its use.

-          Quietness: ‘soundscape’, people are longing for peaceful places. 

-          Facilities: supporting.

3. Study Area

Antwerp, Ghent (large cities), Aalst and Kortrijk (towns) are the cities included in this research. In the light of expansion, much open, green space is consumed.

4. Working procedure

Research done by observations of maps, in the field and by airplane. The study area consists of the urban core and 5 km of land around it. This can be split up into:

-          Urban Core: high density build areas. 

-          Green spaces: open spaces > 10 ha with biological value, sometimes fragmentized. 

-          Barriers: mainly infrastructure.   

-          Crosswalks: barriers mostly overcome.

The accessibility was computed by means of different maps in which green spaces, barriers and crosswalks were visualized. Attractiveness was measured by parameters of space, nature, culture and history, quietness and facilities.

5. Results

There are differences in availability of green spaces in the four cities.

a)      Due to the fact that Antwerp has a ring within the city centre, many green spaces can be found around and close to the city. Compared to the other cities, that have a ring much further away from the city centre, the quietness of the landscape is disturbed;  

b)      All of the cities: barriers to quarter green which is a problem;

c)       Kortrijk, green spaces only available outside the core city;

d)      There are differences in availability of green spaces within a city;

e)      Quietness is difficult to pursue;

f)       Building zones in plans reduce the availability of open, green space.

6. Discussion

      Indicators do not always give a complete overview, however adding more indicators would complicate the model. This undesirable as the model has to be an easy way of communicating about urban green;

      Values that are used with measuring attractiveness in a place vary, to solve this problem averages have been applied;

      Barriers are not impossible to overcome;

      Study uses simplifications;

      ‘Quality of the green spaces will’ be more important in futuristic urban planning, however ‘urban density’ absorbs the green spaces.

Quote of the day

"This City is what it is because our citizens are what they are."

Plato

Changes in the location and income of shops in and around the Lange Delft

  For this pilot study we decided to conduct a research upon the location of the shops in Middelburg. We focused on the Lange Delft and its side streets. When looking at the streets, our initial hypothesis was that; local shops have been replaced by the bigger brand shops and moved to the side streets.

For this pilot research we looked at and interviewed 16 different shops in different locations, in and around the Lange Delft. During our observations we compared bigger brand shops on the Lange Delft to the smaller local shops in the side streets (Appendix Map). Several questions were asked to conduct this research:

1.      How long is this shop settled at this location? 

2.      Has your shop been located at the Lange Delft once? 

3.      Did the big brand shops replace some local shops? 

4.      Do you observe RA students as your clients? And yes, how many? 

5.      Has the replaced affected the income and the number of clients?

11 of the shops observed at are found in the Lange Delft (Appendix Figure 1). These shops are: H&M, Blokker, Eyewish, Jamin, Jackpot, Didi, Gimbrere, Free Record Shop, Coolcat and Etan. The remaining 4 shops are found in Sint Janstraat and Herenstraat, these shops are; Adriaan & Olivier, Ryokucha, Wereld Winkel, Beau, Beau + and Stoffen Winkel

When interviewing the shops in the Lange Delft it was found that there were two time periods when news shops where located in Middelburg. The most recent time period was 6 years ago, around that time Jackpot, H&M, Cool Cat and Etan were initially located in Middelburg. However, they themselves don’t think it is because of the establishment of the university since RA students were not initially considered. The second time period was around 1980, most respondents, both in the Lange Delft and in the side streets, said that around that time most of the previous shop owners retired and didn’t find successors. The owners of the shops in the side streets also added that the renting prices became so high that it was impossible to open a new shop in the Lange Delft. Bigger brands bought the places and most of the little shop owners also stated that they did not wish to go back to the Lange Delft as the side streets would get better known seeing as the bigger brand shops located in the Lange Delft are the ones found in most main shopping streets in the Netherlands. However, it was said that some very successful shops moved back to Lange Delft and some shops like the Free Record Shop and the optician Groeneveld have always been a music shop and optician but became part of a bigger “corporation” after some years. An interesting dynamic in the Lange Delft is that the bigger brand shops are constantly competing for the best and biggest shop. A few years ago the V&D left Middelburg and immediately shops started changing locations. This made room for some new shops and again the shift of location occurred. Another interesting fact to keep in mind is that the shops in the side streets have no intention to compete with the bigger shops in the Lange Delft, and vice versa, but that they do compete fiercely with each other.[1]

To better understand the dynamics of these small local shops, found in the side streets, here is a short summery of what the owners of two shops shared with us. Firstly, Adriaan & Olivier (Appendix Figure 2) has been open from April 2011. This recently opened shop was first located under the Lange Jan, the owner then decided to start selling from her house but eventually opened a new shop in the Sint Janstraat. The decision of settling on this street was a positive one because it brought new clients and the shop got better known. The owner said that opening the shop in the Lange Delft was too expensive and so opted for this smaller side street. The RA students were never a target for this small shop and therefore the clientele is older and more local.  Ryokycha (Appendix Figure 3) is another small shop which sells ecological clothes and it is also located in the Sint Janstraat. Ryokycha is also a very new shop. The shop owner states that it is an advantage for her sort of shop to be located in a side street. Due to the fact she has a real specific target group, she does not feel like being located on the Lange Delft is necessary. The shop owner states that she does not compete with the shops located in the Lange Delft, but more with a similar shop located in the same side street.

In conclusion, the bigger brands did replace the smaller shops but mainly for the reason that most of the small shop owners retired. Some of these smaller local shops did move to the side streets but most of them are now pleased of their location, their income and type of clientele because they feel that they make contribute to the city’s culture and uniqueness which the big brands do not have.

Appendix

Map

  Figure 1           

  

 Figure 2

Figure 3                                                                             

Results Table

Name of Shop	Years in building	Years been on lange delft	Years been in the alleys	Place of previous shop	Audience
Jackpot	5	5	n/a	First shop here	Mixed*
Didi	14	30	n/a	Lange Delft (unknow where)	Mixed*
Yamin	14	? (more than 20)	n/a	Lange Delft ( Didi Building)	Mixed*
Blokker	6	15+ years	n/a	Lange Delft (H&M building)	General**
H&M	6	6	n/a	First shop here	Mixed*
Gimbrère	25	25	n/a	n/a	Female 30+
Eyewish opticien	67	Has been there before the war	n/a	n/a	General**
Free record shop	25+	25+	n/a	n/a	Mixed*
Cool cat	7	7	n/a	First shop here	Young 22-
Etam	5	5	n/a	Lange Delft (Building promiss)	Mixed*
Beau	4	n/a	4	First shop here	Female 30+
Beau+	0.5	n/a	0.5	First shop here	Female 30
Wereld winkel	15	n/a	15	First shop here	General**
Stof &co	28	n/a	28	First shop here	Special interest***
Adriaan en Olivier	0.75	n/a	0.75	First shop here	Special interest***
Ryokocha	0.33	n/a	0.33	First shop here	Special interest***

* Roosevelt students do come but they are not the targeted clientele

** All kinds of people but not RA students

*** Specialized shop, only people who have a specific interest generally come here

---

[1] A summery of these results can be found on the table in the Appendix